abstract：:Ramsar, a northern coastal city of Iran, overlooking the Caspian Sea, has some high level natural radiation areas (HLNRAs) as well as over 50 hot springs with low and high radium contents used as spas by the public and vacationers. The average whole body dose received by population in these areas is about 5 times high...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Ghiassi-Nejad M,Zakeri F,Assaei RG,Kariminia A

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iodine is an important trace element in geological and biological processes. We summarize here recent results and new data of experiments and observations carried out to improve the understanding of concentration levels and behavior of natural and anthropogenic iodine nuclides in the global environment. The distributi...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Muramatsu Y,Yoshida S,Fehn U,Amachi S,Ohmomo Y

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our behaviour and policies with regard to nature and the environment should be guided by a code of ethics, which is to be derived from basic principles and from a pragmatic consideration of the issues at stake. The man-nature relationship has always been ambiguous, nature being seen as both a provider and an enemy. In...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Bourdeau P

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:India has a long-term program of wide spread applications of nuclear radiations and radioactive sources for peaceful applications in medicine, industry, agriculture and research and is already having several thousand places in the country where such sources are being routinely used. These places are mostly outside the...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Mishra UC

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the recognition of their usefulness by the authorities and the scientific community, automatic water monitoring networks were developed again to be able to measure seawater. For that purpose, they had to be fully autonomous, with low power consumption (solar panel power supply), wireless communicating (satel...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： van Put P,Debauche A,De Lellis C,Adam V

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radon concentrations were continuously measured outdoors, in the living room and in the basement at 10 min intervals for a month. Radon time series were analyzed by comparing algorithms to extract phase space dynamical information. The application of fractal methods enabled exploration of the chaotic nature of radon i...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Planinić J,Vuković B,Radolić V

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interactions of soil disaggregation with radionuclide erosion were studied under controlled conditions in the laboratory on samples from a loamy silty-sandy soil. The fate of 134Cs and 85Sr was monitored on soil aggregates and on small plots, with time resolution ranging from minutes to hours after contamination. ...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Claval D,Garcia-Sanchez L,Réal J,Rouxel R,Mauger S,Sellier L

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Erosion and accumulation sites differ in the amount of fallout 137Cs due to its particulate translocation together with the soil. To examine whether these sites differ also in the radiocaesium interception potential (RIP) of the soil, the RIP of the plough horizon and the first layer of the B horizon was determined at...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Schimmack W,Auerswald K

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper addresses some fundamental problems related to the structure and function of catchment areas in general and for seasonal (weekly, monthly) mass balance calculations of radionuclides (and metals, organics and nutrients) in particular. A new catchment area model has been developed and critically tested. This ...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Håkanson L

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A low background station for the measurement of low level radioactivity is under development in Northern Italy. The rock cover is about 300 m water equivalent. We report and discuss measurements of radon concentration in air and of gamma, muon and neutron fluxes performed in the neighborhood of the station site. We pr...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Brofferio C,Cesana A,Fascilla A,Garlati L,Giuliani A,Pedretti M,Raselli GL,Terrani M

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated sites is an activity generally regarded with suspicion by the community. This is certainly the case for Australian Aboriginal traditional landowners. This paper describes the historical background to, and the successful development and implementation of, a consultation ...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Waggitt PW

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aerial gamma-ray surveying uses NaI(Tl) detectors mounted in small aircraft to measure gamma radiation, emitted from the earth's surface. The data are collected as gamma-ray spectra, typically with 1 s counting times, from which are derived K, U and Th concentrations in the ground. Applications of aerial surveying inc...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Dickson BL

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Groundwater samples were analysed for 222Rn, 226Ra, and 228Ra in Guarani aquifer spreading around 1 million km2 within four countries in South America, and it was found that their activity concentrations are lognormally distributed. Population-weighted average activity concentration for these radionuclides allowed to ...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Bonotto DM

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents a new general sub-model for fixation in catchment areas to be used within the framework of a river model for substances such as radionuclides and metals from continuous and single-pulse fallouts. The model has been critically tested using data from 27 European river sites covering a very wide geogr...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Håkanson L

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The significance of colloidal fractions regarding the transport of artificial radionuclides in natural water systems is underlined by using sequential ultrafiltration both in the Rhône freshwater and the marine area under and outside the influence of the river outflow. Indeed, the Rhodanian aquatic system represents a...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Eyrolle F,Charmasson S

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three kinetic models for adsorption/release of (137)Cs between water and sediments have been tested when they are included in a previously validated dispersion model of the English Channel. Radionuclides are released to the Channel from La Hague nuclear fuel reprocessing plant (France). The kinetic models are a 1-step...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Periáñez R

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We simulated the spatial distributions and the temporal variations of 137Cs and (239,240)Pu concentrations in the ocean by using the ocean general circulation model which was developed by National Center of Atmospheric Research. These nuclides are introduced into seawaters from global fallout due to atmospheric nuclea...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Tsumune D,Aoyama M,Hirose K

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sorption of selenite and selenate ions from aqueous solutions was investigated on hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, goethite and hematite, in order to simulate the behavior of radioactive selenium in natural or artificial sorbing media. Correlation studies with acido-basic properties and solubility of the solids were ...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Duc M,Lefevre G,Fedoroff M,Jeanjean J,Rouchaud JC,Monteil-Rivera F,Dumonceau J,Milonjic S

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A biokinetic model is presented that simulates the uptake and release of (99)Tc by the European lobster (Homarus gammarus). This organism is of significant radioecological interest since lobsters, in contrast to most other organisms, have a high affinity for (99)Tc. The model is designed to represent annually averaged...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Olsen YS,Vives i Batlle J

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allometry, or the biology of scaling, is the study of size and its consequences. It has become a useful tool for comparative physiology. There are several allometric equations that relate body size to many parameters, including ingestion rate, lifespan, inhalation rate, home range and more. While these equations were ...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Higley KA,Domotor SL,Antonio EJ

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Projectiles suspected to be composed of depleted uranium (DU) were found in Kosovo. Their properties were analysed using alpha and gamma ray spectrometry, mass spectrometry and electron microscopy. They were found to be composed of DU with small amounts of other elements such as Ti. 236U was detected in the penetrator...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Pöllänen R,Ikäheimonen TK,Klemola S,Vartti VP,Vesterbacka K,Ristonmaa S,Honkamaa T,Sipilä P,Jokelainen I,Kosunen A,Zilliacus R,Kettunen M,Hokkanen M

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical analyses and radioecological methods were combined in order to estimate the sediment accumulation rate in the upper 20 cm depth of the Palmones River estuary. Organic matter, total carbon, C:N and (137)Cs vertical profiles showed changes at 13 cm depth. These changes could be associated with the decrease in r...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Rubio L,Linares-Rueda A,Dueñas C,Fernández MC,Clavero V,Niell FX,Fernández JA

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ambient dose equivalent rate is caused by ionizing radiation of radionuclides in the atmosphere and on the ground surface as well as by cosmic radiation. Seasonal and diurnal variations of the ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER) in the ground level air are influenced by the concentration of 222Rn daughters. The 22...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Lebedyte M,Butkus D,Morkŭnas G

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to contribute to a future waste management policy related to the presence of technologically enhanced natural occurring radioactive material (TENORM) in the Brazilian petroleum industry, the present work presents the chemical composition and the (226)Ra and (228)Ra content of sludge and scales generated durin...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Godoy JM,da Cruz RP

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In controlling the natural radiation exposure for the residents of dwellings, it is necessary to determine the levels of natural radioactivity (external exposure) and radon exhalation rate (internal exposure) from building materials. Using a high-resolution gamma ray spectrometry system, the activity concentration of ...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Stoulos S,Manolopoulou M,Papastefanou C

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modelling radionuclide transfers between seawater and marine species on a short time scale basis requires being able to take into account the transfer kinetics. This means (1) to implement the effect of the biological half-lives of radionuclides together with the concentration factor in the calculation of transfers an...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Fievet B,Plet D

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An inventory of long-lived radionuclides produced by 828 underground nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada test site (NTS) from 1951 to 1992 includes residual tritium, fission products, actinides, and activation products. Recently, the US Department of Energy approved the declassification of the NTS radionuclide inven...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Smith DK,Finnegan DL,Bowen SM

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reports an investigation of the tritium content in the surface waters of the Yenisei River basin near the Mining and Chemical Combine (MCC). In 2001 the maximum tritium concentration in the Yenisei River did not exceed 4 +/- 1 Bq l(-1), which is consistent with the data of 1998-99. However, it has been foun...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Bolsunovsky AY,Bondareva LG

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The contamination and depth distribution of 137Cs in soil due to the fallout from atmospheric weapons' tests were measured at 29 sites in the 9th and 10th administrative regions in Chile located in the 40 degrees latitude in the southern hemisphere. The depth distribution in most of the sites follows no systematic pat...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Schuller P,Voigt G,Handl J,Ellies A,Oliva L

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavior of Po in fresh waters was examined in laboratory culture experiments using fresh water collected from a small pool, Xi river and Xiqing lake, showing formation of volatile Po compounds followed by emission to air. Addition of tryptone to the fresh water cultures increased the emission of Po considerably along...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Momoshima N,Song Li,Osaki S,Maeda Y

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Don River Estuary-Azov Sea system is an extension of the shallow continental shelf area of the Black Sea. A large data set of artificial radionuclides in bottom sediments of the Azov Sea has been compiled in order to examine the storage and migration of radionuclides within this highly restricted inland sea and to...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Matishov GG,Matishov DG,Namjatov AA,Carroll J,Dahle S

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over 50% of the wells in the Nambe region of northern New Mexico exceed the US Environmental Protection Agency's recommended drinking water standard of 20 microg l(-1) for 238U; the highest in the area was measured at 1,200 microg U l(-1). Uranium uptake was estimated in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), squash (Cucur...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Hakonson-Hayes AC,Fresquez PR,Whicker FW

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radionuclide releases together with escaping fly ashes (from 45 x 10(6) kg in previous decades to 8 x 10(6) kg annually in 1996) from the main local and several small coal-fired power plants resulted in a relatively small increase in natural radioactivity levels in the Lodz region. The natural gamma terrestrial radiat...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Bem H,Wieczorkowski P,Budzanowski M

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The main purpose of this study is to examine possible impacts and consequences of a hypothetical accident at the Kola nuclear plant in north-west Russia on different geographical regions: Scandinavia, central Europe, European FSU and Taymyr. The period studied is 1991-1996. An isentropic trajectory model has been used...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Baklanov A,Mahura A,Jaffe D,Thaning L,Bergman R,Andres R

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The activity concentrations and fluxes of natural (210Pb, 210Po) and anthropogenic (239,240Pu, 137Cs) radionuclides have been determined in the different water masses crossing the Strait of Gibraltar. New data have been gathered during four multidisciplinary and multinational sampling campaigns, performed between 1997...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Gascó C,Antón MP,Delfanti R,González AM,Meral J,Papucci C

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of solutions of the Advection-Dispersion-Equation (ADE) for soil profiles is sometimes questionable. An alternative method, based on the Weibull distribution, has been developed, which can approximate the vertical distribution of radiocesium (137Cs) and allows extrapolation to account for the complete ...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Dahm H,Niemeyer J,Schröder D

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radioactivity in some Tunisian thermo-mineral springs (11 hot mineral springs and one cold spring) has been determined for the first time in Tunisia using radiochemical separation procedures. The obtained results show that 238U activity concentrations vary between 1.5 and about 43 mBq/l. The measured activities of 234...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Labidi S,Dachraoui M,Mahjoubi H,Lemaitre N,Salah RB,Mtimet S

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The methodology for estimating radiocaesium distribution between solid and liquid phases in lakes is applied for three prealpine lakes: Lake Constance (Germany), Lake Lugano (Switzerland) and Lake Vorsee (Germany). It is based on use of the exchangeable distribution coefficient and application of the exchangeable radi...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Konoplev A,Kaminski S,Klemt E,Konopleva I,Miller R,Zibold G

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new winter and summer investigation of radon concentrations in parts of the Ogof Ffynnon Ddu system at Penwyllt, South Wales, has been carried out using 100 environmental National Radiological Protection Board track etch detectors. Fifty detectors were installed in the system in December 1998 and again in August 199...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Friend CR,Gooding TD

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The seasonal variation of 222Rn concentrations in the air of tunnels constructed during World War II at Nagano City has been investigated. The determination of 222Rn concentrations in tunnel air was performed using a solid-state nuclear track detector technique. The monthly radon concentrations changed smoothly, decre...

journal_title：Journal of environmental radioactivity

authors： Muramatsu H,Tashiro Y,Hasegawa N,Misawa C,Minami M

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00